logo logo European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research

EJPER is is a, peer reviewed, online academic research journal.

Subscribe to

Receive Email Alerts

for special events, calls for papers, and professional development opportunities.

Subscribe

Publisher (HQ)

Eurasian Society of Educational Research
Eurasian Society of Educational Research
Christiaan Huygensstraat 44, Zipcode:7533XB, Enschede, THE NETHERLANDS
Eurasian Society of Educational Research
Headquarters
Christiaan Huygensstraat 44, Zipcode:7533XB, Enschede, THE NETHERLANDS
Research Article

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Family Needs Studies: Relationships with Parent, Family and Child Functioning

Carl J. Dunst

Findings from a research synthesis of the relationships between family needs and parent, family, and child functioning are reported. The synthesis inc.

F

Findings from a research synthesis of the relationships between family needs and parent, family, and child functioning are reported. The synthesis included 31 studies conducted in 12 different countries. The studies were conducted between 1987 and 2021 and included 4,543 participants. Eight different family needs scales or adaptations of the scales were completed by the study participants (mothers, fathers, or grandmothers of children with developmental disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, or medical conditions). The outcome measures included caregiver psychological health, parenting stress, parenting burden, parenting beliefs, family coping strategies, family functioning, family support, and child functioning. The correlations between family needs and the outcome measures were used as the sizes of effects for evaluating the strength of the relationships between measures. Results showed that unmet family needs were associated with more negative and less positive family and family member functioning and fewer unmet family needs were associated with more positive and less negative family and family member functioning. The sizes of effect for parenting stress and burden were larger than were the sizes of effects for each of the other outcome measures. Child condition and study quality moderated the relationship between family needs and parenting stress and burden but not the other outcome measures. The results are discussed in terms of one component of family systems intervention models.

Keywords: Child functioning, family functioning, family needs, family systems, parenting, meta-analysis.

cloud_download PDF
Cite
Article Metrics
Views
404
Download
590
Citations
Crossref
0

References

Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index (3rd ed.). Pediatric Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02445-000

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress ındex: Short form. Psychological Assessment Resources.

Alderfer, C. P. (1969). An empirical test of a new theory of human needs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(2), 142-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90004-X

Algood, C. L., Harris, C., & Hong, J. S. (2013). Parenting success and challenges for families of children with disabilities: An ecological systems analysis. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2012.747408

Alkire, S. (2002). Dimensions of human development. World Development, 30(2), 181-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00109-7

Alsem, M. W., Siebers, R. C., Gorter, J. W., Jongmans, M. J., Nijhuis, B. G., & Ketelaar, M. (2014). Assessment of family needs in children with physical disabilities: Development of a Family Needs Inventory. Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(4), 498-506. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12093

Appelbaum, M., Cooper, H., Kline, R. B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Nezu, A. M., & Rao, S. M. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA publications and communications board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000191

Ardic, A., & Olcay, S. (2021). Investigation of the relationships between the burnout levels of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ASD symptom level and family needs by regression analysis. Education and Science, 46, 459-471.  https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.8980

Bailey, D. B., Blasco, P. M., & Simeonsson, R. J. (1992). Needs expressed by mothers and fathers of young children with disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 97(1), 1-10.

Bailey, D. B., Raspa, M., Olmsted, M. G., Novak, S. P., Sam, A. M., Humphreys, B. P., Nelson, R., Robinson, N., & Guillen, C. (2011). Development and psychometric validation of the Family Outcomes Survey-Revised. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(1), 6-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815111399441  

Bailey, D. B., & Simeonsson, R. J. (1988). Assessing needs of families with handicapped infants. Journal of Special Education, 22(1), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246698802200113

Bertule, D., & Vetra, A. (2020). Needs of families with children with cerebral palsy in Latvia and factors affecting these needs. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(3), Article 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10030139

Bobbitt, S. A., Baugh, L. A., Andrew, G. H., Cook, J. L., Green, C. R., Pei, J. R., & Rasmussen, C. R. (2016). Caregiver needs and stress in caring for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 55, 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.002

Brannan, A. M., Heflinger, C. A., & Bickman, L. (1997). The Caregiver Strain Questionnaire: Measuring the impact on the family living with a child with serious emotional disturbances. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 5(4), 212-222. https://doi.org/210.1177/106342669700500404  

Broderick, C. B. (1993). Understanding family process: Basics of family systems theory. Sage Publications.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.

Brown, H. K., Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Hunter, D., Kelley, E., & Cobigo, V. (2012). Unmet needs of families of school-age children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 25(6), 497-508. https://doi.org/410.1111/j.1468-3148.2012.00692.x  

Carmo, M. G. (2004). A influencia das caracteristicas das familias em intervencao precoce na identificacao das suas necessidades e na utilidade da sua rede de apoio social [The influence of the characteristics of families in early intervention in the identification of their needs and the usefulness of their social support network] [Master's thesis, University of Minho]. University of Minho Library. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/589

Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6

Cate, I. M. P., Kennedy, C. H., & Stevenson, J. (2002). Disability and quality of life in spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44(5), 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201002146

Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., & Nassrelgrgawi, A. S. (2016). Performance, incentives, and the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness: A meta-analysis. Motivation and Emotions, 40, 781-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9578-2

Cohen, S. H., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404

Crnic, K. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (1990). Minor parenting stresses with young children. Child Development, 61(5), 1628-1637. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130770

Darling, S. M., & Gallagher, P. A. (2004). Needs of and supports for African American and European American caregivers of young children with special needs in urban and rural settings. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 24(2), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/02711214040240020501

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ''what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

Decker, K. A. (2014). Parental perceptions of family social supports in families with children with epilepsy [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University]. Sigma Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/10755/16981

Dell'Armi, M. (2017). Identification des besoins familiaux et évaluation d’un programme de répit: Intervention appliquée aux parents d’enfants avec Troubles du spectre de l’autisme [Identification of family needs and evaluation of a respite program: Intervention applied to parents of children with autism spectrum disorders]. [Doctoral dissertation, Universsity of Toulouse le Mirail]. HAL Theses. https://bit.ly/3713jTG  

Dover, M. A. (2016). Human needs: Overview. In T. Mizrahi & L. E. Davis (Eds.), Encyclopedia of social work (20th ed.). NASW Press/Oxford University Press.

Dunst, C. J. (1986). Health and Well-Being Index: A short form for measuring parental health and well-being. Winterberry Press.

Dunst, C. J. (2017). Family systems early childhood intervention. In H. Sukkar, C. J. Dunst, & J. Kirkby (Eds.), Early childhood intervention: Working with families of young children with special needs (pp. 38-60). Routledge.

Dunst, C. J. (2021a). Differential relationships between the adequacy of different types of family resources and psychological health and well-being. International Journal of Health and Psychology Research, 9(2), 1-18.  

Dunst, C. J. (2021b). Family hardiness and parent and family functioning in households with children experiencing adverse life events: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Psychological Research, 14(2), 93-118. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5236

Dunst, C. J. (2021c). Family strengths, the circumplex model of family systems, and personal and family functioning: A meta-analysis of the relationship among study measures. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 13(2), 1-19. https://bit.ly/3KdnqwP

Dunst, C. J. (2021d). Meta-analysis of the relationships between the adequacy of family resources and personal, family, and child well-being. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 9(1), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.15640/jpbs.v9n1a5

Dunst, C. J. (2021e). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationships between different dimensions of family strengths and personal and family well-being. Journal of Family Research, 33(1), 209-229.  https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-578

Dunst, C. J. (in press). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationships between the adequacy of family resources and parenting stress. International Journal of Health and Psychology Research.

Dunst, C. J., Cooper, C. S., Weeldreyer, J. C., Snyder, K. D., & Chase, J. H. (1987). Family Needs Scale: Reliability and validity. Winterberry Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/t33262-000

Dunst, C. J., & Deal, A. G. (1994). Needs-based family-centered intervention practices. In C. J. Dunst, C. M. Trivette, & A. G. Deal (Eds.), Supporting and strengthening families: Methods, strategies and practices (pp. 90-104). Brookline Books.

Dunst, C. J., & Leet, H. E. (1987). Measuring the adequacy of resources in households with young children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 13, 111-125.   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00528.x

Dunst, C. J., Serrano, A. M., Mas, J. M., & Espe-Sherwindt, M. (2021). Meta-analysis of the relationships between family strengths and parent, family and child well-being. European Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5, Article 5. https://bit.ly/3LENhxU

Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Deal, A. G. (1988). Enabling and empowering families: Principles and guidelines for practice. Brookline Books.

Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Hamby, D. W. (2006). Technical manual for measuring and evaluating family support program quality and benefits. Winterberry Press.

Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Hamby, D. W. (2007). Meta-analysis of family-centered help-giving practices research. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13(4), 370-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20176

Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Hamby, D. W. (2008). Research synthesis and meta-analysis of studies of family-centered practices. Winterberry Press.

Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Jenkins, V. (1986). Family Support Scale: Reliability and validity. Winterberry Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/t59027-000

Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Jodry, W. (1997). Influences of social support on children with disabilities and their families. In M. Guralnick (Ed.), The effectiveness of early intervention (pp. 499-522). Brookes Publishing Company.

Engstrand, R. Z., Roll-Pettersson, L., Allodi, M. W., & Hirvikoski, T. (2020). Needs of grandmothers of preschool-aged children with ASD in Sweden. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 1941-1957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03946-w

Eyberg, S. M., & Ross, A. W. (1978). Assessment of child behavior problems: The validation of a new inventory. Journal of Child Clinical Psychology, 7(2), 113-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374417809532835

Farmer, J. E., Marien, W. E., Clark, M. J., Sherman, A., & Selva, T. J. (2004). Primary care supports for children with chronic health conditions: Identifying and predicting unmet family needs. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29(5), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsh039

Friedrich, W. N., Greenberg, M. T., & Crnic, K. (1983). A short form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1037/t10563-000

Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1016-1024. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.6.1016

Glenn, S., Cunningham, C., & Poole, H. (2008). Maternal parenting stress and its correlates in families with a young child with cerebral palsy. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00891.x

Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9(1), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700021644

Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 581-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x

Graham, P., Stevenson, J., & Flynn, D. (1997). A new measure of health-related quality of life for children: Preliminary findings. Psychology and Health, 12(5), 655-665. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449708407412

Hartman, A., & Laird, J. (1983). Family-centered social work practice. Free Press.

Hesse-Biber, S., & Williamson, J. (1984). Resource theory and power in families: Life cycle considerations. Family Process, 23(2), 261-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1984.00261.x  

Hobbs, N., Dokecki, P. R., Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Moroney, R. M., Shayne, M. W., & Weeks, K. H. (1984). Strengthening families. Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Holliday, L. C. (2011). Stress and its covariates in parents who have been referred to clinic with a possible diagnosis of epilepsy in their child. [Master's thesis, University of Liverpool]. The University of Liverpool Repository.   https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/6573/

Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of human behavior: An introduction to behavior theory. Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Huus, K., Olsson, L. M., Andersson, E. E., Granlund, M., & Augustine, L. (2017). Perceived needs among parents of children with a mild intellectual disability in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 19(4), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/15017419.2016.1167773

Johnson, B. E., & Ray, W. (2016). Family systems theory. In S. Smith (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies (pp. 782-787). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs130

Kerig, P. K. (2019). Parenting and family systems. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Being and becoming a parent (3rd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 3-35). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429433214-1

Kiami, S. R., & Goodgold, S. (2017). Support needs and coping strategies as predictors of stress levels among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research and Treatment, Article ID 8685950. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8685950

Klug, H. J. P., & Maier, G. W. (2015). Linking goal progress and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 37-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9493-0

Koren, P. E., DeChillo, N., & Friesen, B. J. (1992). Measuring empowerment in families whose children have emotional disabilities: A brief questionnaire. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 305-321. https://doi.org/310.1037/h0079106  

Landgraf, J. M., Abetz, L., & Ware, J. E. (1999). The CHQ User's Manual (2nd ed.). HealthAct.

Lavee, Y., McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1985). The Double ABCX Model of family stress and adaptation: An empirical test by analysis of structural equations with latent variables. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47(4), 811-825. https://doi.org/10.2307/352326

Lee, E. M. S., Choi, M. J., & Clarkson-Henderix, M. (2016). Examining needs of informal kinship families: Validating the Family Needs Scale. Children and Youth Services Review, 62, 97-104. http://dx.doi.org/110.1016/j.childyouth.2016.1001.1021  

Lee, Y. E. (2020). Coping and stress related to support needs: Assessing needs in parents and caregivers of children with Down syndrome. [Doctoral dissertation, Western University]. Western Libraries Scholarship@Western. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6980

Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Sage Publications.

Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Australia Psychology Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1037/t01004-000

Marques, M. H., & Dixe, M. A. (2011). Crianças e jovens autistas: impacto na dinâmica familiar e pessoal de seus pais [Chidren and youth with autism: Impact on their parents and family dynamics]. Revista de Psiquiatric Clinica, 38(2), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832011000200005

Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346

Max-Neef, M. (1987). Human needs and aspirations. In P. Ekins & M. Max-Neef (Eds.), Real-life economics (pp. 197-214). Routledge.

McClelland, D. C. (1988). Human motivation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139878289

McCubbin, H. I., Olson, D. H., & Larsen, A. S. (2000). Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales. In H. I. McCubbin, D. H. Olson, A. S. Larsen, & K. Corcoran (Eds.), Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook (Vol. 1, pp. 294-297). Free Press.

McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1982). Social Support Index. In H. I. McCubbin (1987). Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation-General (FIRMA-G). In H. I. McCubbin, A. I. Thompson, & M. A. McCubbin (Eds.), (1996). Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation: Inventories for research and practice. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

McCubbin, M. A. (1991). CHIP: Coping Health Inventory for Parents. In H. I. McCubbin & A. I. Thompson (Eds.), Family assessment inventories for research and practice (2nd ed., pp. 181-203). University of Wisconsin-Madison.

McGrew, K. S., Gilman, C. J., & Johnson, S. (1992). A review of scales to assess family needs. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 10, 4-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299201000101   

Miller, I. W., Epstein, N. B., Bishop, D. S., & Keitner, G. I. (1985). The McMaster Family Assessment Device: Reliability and validity. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1985.tb00028.x

Mishra, R., & Sreedevi, P. (2016). A correlation study of parental needs and selected demographic variables of parents with autistic children. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(10), 1948-1951.

Murray, H. (1938). Explorations in personality. Oxford University Press.

Nakajima, K., Saito, Y., & Okada, S. (1999). Development of mother's scale of burden of childcare. Journal of Health and Welfare Statistics, 46(3), 11-18.

Newton, A. (2006). Differences in stress and needs identified by mothers of young children with developmental disabilities at point of entry into the service system. [Master's Thesis] University of Manitoba. https://bit.ly/3IOLSD3  

Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, J. L. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(4), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612447309

Nitta, O., Taneda, A., Nakajima, K., & Surya, J. (2007). Relationship parenting strain and mental health with family needs in mothers of severely handicapped school-aged children suffering from cerebral palsy. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi [Japanese Journal of Public Health], 54(4), 479-485. https://bit.ly/3NDAfm0   

Nuri, R. P., & Aldersey, H. M. (2016). Needs of families impacted by disability: A scoping review. Disability and International Development, 1, 20-28.

O'Brien, M. (1996). Child-rearing difficulties reported by parents of infants and toddlers. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21(3), 433-446. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/21.3.433

Olson, D. H., Portner, J., & Lavee, Y. (1985). Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales. University of Minnesota, Family Social Science, St. Paul.

Olson, D. H., Waldvogel, L., & Schlieff, M. (2019). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: An update. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 11(2), 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12331

Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of needs fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 434-457. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.434

Peshawaria, R., Menon, D. K., Ganguly, R., Roy, S., Pillay, R. P. R., & Gupta, A. (1995). Understanding Indian families: Having persons with mental retardation. India National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped. https://bit.ly/3qMl7cw  

Piskur, B., Beurskens, A. J. H. M., Jongmans, M. J., & Smeets, R. J. E. M. (2014). What do parents need to enhance participation of their school-aged child with a physical disability? A cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(1), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12145  

Pittman, T. S., & Zeigler, K. R. (2007). Basic human needs. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 473-489). Guilford Press.

Reyes-Blanes, M. E., Correa, V. I., & Bailey, D. B., Jr. (1999). Perceived needs of and support for Puerto Rican mothers of young children with disabilities. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 19, 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/027112149901900105  

Seligman, M., & Darling, R. B. (1989). Ordinary families, special children. Guilford Press.

Seligman, M., & Darling, R. B. (2016). Ordinary families, special children: A systems approach to childhood disability (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.

Shivers, C. M., Krizova, K., & Lee, G. K. (2017). Types of strain among family members of individuals with autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 68, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.07.003

Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: A best practices guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803

Siebes, R. C., Ketelaar, M., Gorter, J. W., Alsem, M., & Jongmans, M. J. (2012). Needs of families with children who have a physical disability: A literature review. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 24(1-2), 85-108. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.2013006542

Siklos, S., & Kerns, K. A. (2006). Assessing need for social support in parents of children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 36, 921-933.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0129-7

Stanley, P. J., Schutte, N. S., & Phillips, W. J. (2021). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction and affect. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 5(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.47602/jpsp.v5i1.210

Stein, R. E. K., & Jessop, D. J. (1990). Functional Status II(R): A measure of child health status. Medical Care, 28(11), 1041-1055. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199011000-00006

Stein, R. E. K., & Riessman, C. K. (1980). The development of an Impact on Family Scale: Preliminary findings. Medical Care, 18(4), 465-472. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198004000-00010

Streisand, R., Braniecki, S., Tercyak, K. P., & Kazak, A. E. (2001). Childhood illness-related parenting stress: The Pediatric Inventory for Parents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26(3), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/26.3.155

Suurmond, R., van Rhee, H., & Hak, T. (2017). Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta-Essentials: A free and simple tool for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 8(4), 537-553. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1260

Tang, M., Wang, D., & Guerrien, A. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis on basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in later life: Contributions of self-determination theory. PsyCh Journal, 9(1), 5-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.293

Trute, B., & Hiebert-Murphy, D. (2002). Family adjustment to childhood developmental disability: A measure of parent appraisal of family impact. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27(3), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/27.3.271

Unger, D. G., Jones, C. W., Park, E., & Tressell, P. A. (2001). Promoting involvement between low-income single caregivers and urban early intervention programs. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 21(4), 197-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/027112140102100401

van Aert, R. C. M., Wicherts, J. M., & van Assen, M. A. L. (2019). Publication bias examined in meta-analyses from psychology and medicine: A meta-meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 14(4), e0215052. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215052

Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C.-H., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory's basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1195-1229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316632058

Van Rhee, H. J., Suurmond, R., & Hak, T. (2015). User manual for Meta-Essentials: Workbooks for meta-analysis. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3241355

Wagh, S. D., & Ganaie, S. A. (2014). A study of parental attitudes and needs of the parents having children with intellectual disability. International Journal of Therapeutics and Diagnosis, 2(4), 56-58. https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-2926-1400011

Wang, K.-W. K., Lin, H.-C., Lee, C.-T., & Lee, K.-S. (2016). Primary caregivers of in-home oxygen-dependent children: Predictors of stress based on characteristics, needs and social support. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(7), 1592-1601. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12934

Wolf, R. N. (2009). Social support domains for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: Assessing perceived needs and stress levels. [Master's Thesis, Western Kentucky University]. WKU TopSCHOLAR. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/111/

World Health Organization. (1996). WHOQOL-BREF: Introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment : field trial version, December 1996. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63529  

Yilmaz, G. (2019). Mothers with disabled children: Needs, stress levels and family functionality in rehabilitation. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 34(2), 524-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12783

...